diff --git a/ingestion/internal/api/update.go b/ingestion/internal/api/update.go
index 9301068..7aee8af 100644
--- a/ingestion/internal/api/update.go
+++ b/ingestion/internal/api/update.go
@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ package api
 import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/brainfs"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/brain"
+	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/brainfs"
 	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/claim"
+	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/notes"
 )
 
 // ContentHash returns the lowercase hex sha256 of b. It is the note's
@@ -91,14 +94,23 @@ func UpdateNote(brainDir string, opts UpdateNoteOptions) (relPath, contentHash,
 		rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
 	}
 
-	rel, abs, err := resolveWithin(brainDir, rel)
+	// The path is caller-supplied (brain_update): resolve it as brain_edit
+	// does, knowledge/ and wiki/ notes only, and read and rewrite it through
+	// the brain root, never through a symlink (hyperguild#169).
+	t, err := notes.Resolve(brainDir, rel, notes.ScopeNotes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", "", err
 	}
-
-	prior, err := os.ReadFile(abs)
+	rel = t.Rel
+	bfs, err := brainfs.Open(brainDir)
 	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("open brain: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = bfs.Close() }()
+
+	prior, err := bfs.ReadRegular(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("note %q does not exist: use brain_write to create", rel)
 		}
 		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("read target: %w", err)
@@ -164,7 +176,7 @@ func UpdateNote(brainDir string, opts UpdateNoteOptions) (relPath, contentHash,
 		return "", "", "", err
 	}
 	out := []byte(stamped)
-	if err := os.WriteFile(abs, out, 0o644); err != nil {
+	if err := bfs.WriteRegular(rel, out); err != nil {
 		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("write: %w", err)
 	}
 	return rel, ContentHash(out), priorHash, nil
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/api/update_scope_test.go b/ingestion/internal/api/update_scope_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12c9141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ingestion/internal/api/update_scope_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package api_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/api"
+)
+
+// brain_update passed the caller's path through resolveWithin, a lexical
+// containment check only: any file in the brain could be superseded
+// (classification.yaml, raw/, sessions/), and a final symlink was written
+// through. It now resolves like brain_edit: knowledge/ and wiki/ notes only,
+// read and rewritten through the brain root.
+func TestUpdateNoteRefusesPathsOutsideKnowledgeAndWikiNotes(t *testing.T) {
+	brain := t.TempDir()
+	files := map[string]string{
+		"classification.yaml": "levels: {}\n",
+		"raw/r.md":            "raw\n",
+		"sessions/s.jsonl":    "{}\n",
+		"wiki/w/facts/ok.md":  "---\ntitle: ok\n---\nold\n",
+		"knowledge/k.md":      "---\ntitle: k\n---\nold\n",
+		"wiki/w/facts/x.txt":  "txt\n",
+	}
+	for rel, body := range files {
+		p := filepath.Join(brain, filepath.FromSlash(rel))
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(p), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(p, []byte(body), 0o644))
+	}
+	for _, rel := range []string{"classification.yaml", "raw/r.md", "sessions/s.jsonl", "wiki/w/facts/x.txt", "wiki/w/../../raw/r.md"} {
+		_, _, _, err := api.UpdateNote(brain, api.UpdateNoteOptions{Path: rel, Content: "replaced"})
+		assert.Error(t, err, rel)
+	}
+	for rel, body := range files {
+		if rel == "wiki/w/facts/ok.md" || rel == "knowledge/k.md" {
+			continue
+		}
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(brain, filepath.FromSlash(rel)))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), rel)
+	}
+	for _, rel := range []string{"wiki/w/facts/ok.md", "knowledge/k.md"} {
+		_, _, _, err := api.UpdateNote(brain, api.UpdateNoteOptions{Path: rel, Content: "new body"})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "positive control: %s", rel)
+		got, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(brain, filepath.FromSlash(rel)))
+		assert.Contains(t, string(got), "new body")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateNoteDoesNotWriteThroughASymlinkedNote(t *testing.T) {
+	brain := t.TempDir()
+	facts := filepath.Join(brain, "wiki", "w", "facts")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(facts, 0o755))
+	victim := filepath.Join(brain, "raw", "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(victim), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "raw", "victim.md"), filepath.Join(facts, "l.md")))
+	_, _, _, err := api.UpdateNote(brain, api.UpdateNoteOptions{Path: "wiki/w/facts/l.md", Content: "replaced"})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got))
+}
+
+// The note is swapped between a regular file and an in-brain symlink to a
+// raw/ file while UpdateNote runs: the read and the write each refuse a
+// symlink, so the raw/ file is never rewritten.
+func TestUpdateNoteNeverRewritesASymlinkSwappedInForTheNote(t *testing.T) {
+	brain := t.TempDir()
+	facts := filepath.Join(brain, "wiki", "w", "facts")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(facts, 0o755))
+	victim := filepath.Join(brain, "raw", "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(victim), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	note := filepath.Join(facts, "n.md")
+	body := "---\ntitle: n\n---\nold\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(note, []byte(body), 0o644))
+
+	var stop atomic.Bool
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		tmp := note + ".swap"
+		for i := 0; !stop.Load(); i++ {
+			_ = os.Remove(tmp)
+			if i%2 == 0 {
+				_ = os.WriteFile(tmp, []byte(body), 0o644)
+			} else {
+				_ = os.Symlink(filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "raw", "victim.md"), tmp)
+			}
+			_ = os.Rename(tmp, note)
+		}
+	}()
+	ok := 0
+	for deadline := time.Now().Add(1500 * time.Millisecond); time.Now().Before(deadline); {
+		if _, _, _, err := api.UpdateNote(brain, api.UpdateNoteOptions{Path: "wiki/w/facts/n.md", Content: "new"}); err == nil {
+			ok++
+		}
+	}
+	stop.Store(true)
+	wg.Wait()
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got))
+	assert.Positive(t, ok, "positive control: some updates reach the regular note")
+}
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel.go b/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel.go
index e1ed3e6..f445e0f 100644
--- a/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel.go
+++ b/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel.go
@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/brainfs"
 )
 
 // seeAlsoHeader is the markdown heading used to group cross-wing links.
@@ -197,6 +200,12 @@ func fileExists(p string) bool {
 // section headers. Rejects same-wing pairs (a tunnel is by definition
 // cross-wing) and missing notes.
 func WriteTunnel(brainDir, sourcePath, targetPath string) error {
+	if err := checkNotePath(sourcePath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("source: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := checkNotePath(targetPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target: %w", err)
+	}
 	srcWing, err := wingOf(sourcePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("source: %w", err)
@@ -209,20 +218,50 @@ func WriteTunnel(brainDir, sourcePath, targetPath string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("tunnel must cross wings; got both in %q", srcWing)
 	}
 
-	srcFull := filepath.Join(brainDir, filepath.FromSlash(sourcePath))
-	tgtFull := filepath.Join(brainDir, filepath.FromSlash(targetPath))
-	if _, err := os.Stat(srcFull); err != nil {
+	// Both notes are read and rewritten through the brain root, regular
+	// files only: brain_tunnel passes caller-supplied paths, and the brain is
+	// a Syncthing folder that can hold symlinks.
+	bfs, err := brainfs.Open(brainDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open brain: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = bfs.Close() }()
+	srcContent, err := bfs.ReadRegular(sourcePath)
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("source note: %w", err)
 	}
-	if _, err := os.Stat(tgtFull); err != nil {
+	tgtContent, err := bfs.ReadRegular(targetPath)
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("target note: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := appendSeeAlso(srcFull, wikilinkOf(targetPath)); err != nil {
+	if out, changed, err := withSeeAlso(srcContent, wikilinkOf(targetPath)); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update source: %w", err)
+	} else if changed {
+		if err := bfs.WriteRegular(sourcePath, out); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("update source: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
-	if err := appendSeeAlso(tgtFull, wikilinkOf(sourcePath)); err != nil {
+	if out, changed, err := withSeeAlso(tgtContent, wikilinkOf(sourcePath)); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update target: %w", err)
+	} else if changed {
+		if err := bfs.WriteRegular(targetPath, out); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("update target: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkNotePath accepts only a clean, local wiki/<wing>/<hall>/.../<slug>.md
+// path: no "." or ".." segments, no empty segments, no leading slash.
+func checkNotePath(p string) error {
+	if p == "" || path.Clean(p) != p || !filepath.IsLocal(p) || !strings.HasSuffix(p, ".md") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a clean wiki note path: %q", p)
+	}
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(p, "/") {
+		if part == "" || part == "." || part == ".." {
+			return fmt.Errorf("not a clean wiki note path: %q", p)
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -248,16 +287,13 @@ func wingOf(relPath string) (string, error) {
 	return parts[1], nil
 }
 
-// appendSeeAlso inserts `- [[link]]` under the file's See also section,
-// creating the section if absent. No-op when the link is already present.
-func appendSeeAlso(filePath, link string) error {
-	content, err := os.ReadFile(filePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+// withSeeAlso returns content with `- [[link]]` under its See also section,
+// creating the section if absent. changed is false when the link is already
+// present.
+func withSeeAlso(content []byte, link string) (out []byte, changed bool, err error) {
 	wikilink := "[[" + link + "]]"
 	if strings.Contains(string(content), wikilink) {
-		return nil
+		return content, false, nil
 	}
 
 	bullet := "- " + wikilink
@@ -266,8 +302,7 @@ func appendSeeAlso(filePath, link string) error {
 		// No section yet — append a fresh one. Always emit a trailing
 		// newline so subsequent appends don't merge into the previous line.
 		trimmed := strings.TrimRight(string(content), "\n")
-		out := trimmed + "\n\n" + seeAlsoHeader + "\n\n" + bullet + "\n"
-		return os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(out), 0o644)
+		return []byte(trimmed + "\n\n" + seeAlsoHeader + "\n\n" + bullet + "\n"), true, nil
 	}
 
 	// Section exists — splice the bullet in just before the next `## `
@@ -293,12 +328,11 @@ func appendSeeAlso(filePath, link string) error {
 		b.WriteByte('\n')
 	}
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, false, err
 	}
 	if !inserted {
 		// section was the last thing in the file — just append bullet
-		out := strings.TrimRight(b.String(), "\n") + "\n" + bullet + "\n"
-		return os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(out), 0o644)
+		return []byte(strings.TrimRight(b.String(), "\n") + "\n" + bullet + "\n"), true, nil
 	}
-	return os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(b.String()), 0o644)
+	return []byte(b.String()), true, nil
 }
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel_root_test.go b/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel_root_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe05e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ingestion/internal/brain/tunnel_root_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package brain_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/mathiasbq/hyperguild/ingestion/internal/brain"
+)
+
+// brain_tunnel passes caller-supplied source and target paths to WriteTunnel,
+// which checked only "wiki/<wing>/..." and then joined them onto the brain
+// dir: ".." segments resolved outside the brain and appendSeeAlso rewrote the
+// file there.
+func TestWriteTunnelRefusesATargetThatTraversesOutOfTheBrain(t *testing.T) {
+	brain0 := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "a", "facts", "s.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(src), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("---\ntitle: S\n---\nbody\n"), 0o644))
+	victim := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+
+	up := strings.Repeat("../", strings.Count(filepath.Clean(brain0), "/")+3)
+	target := "wiki/b/x/" + up + strings.TrimPrefix(victim, "/")
+	err := brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", target)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	got, rerr := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	require.NoError(t, rerr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got), "a file outside the brain was modified")
+}
+
+func TestWriteTunnelRefusesUncleanOrNonWikiPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	brain0 := t.TempDir()
+	for _, p := range []string{"wiki/a/facts/s.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.txt", "raw/r.md"} {
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(brain0, p)), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(brain0, p), []byte("x\n"), 0o644))
+	}
+	for _, target := range []string{
+		"wiki/b/facts/../../../raw/r.md",
+		"wiki/b/./facts/t.md",
+		"wiki/b//facts/t.md",
+		"/wiki/b/facts/t.md",
+		"wiki/b/facts/t.txt",
+		"wiki/b/facts/",
+	} {
+		assert.Error(t, brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", target), target)
+	}
+	for _, p := range []string{"raw/r.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.txt"} {
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(brain0, p))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "x\n", string(got), p)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.md"), "positive control")
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "b", "facts", "t.md"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(got), "[[a/facts/s]]")
+}
+
+func TestWriteTunnelDoesNotWriteThroughASymlinkedNote(t *testing.T) {
+	brain0 := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "a", "facts", "s.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(src), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("x\n"), 0o644))
+	tdir := filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "b", "facts")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(tdir, 0o755))
+	victim := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(victim, filepath.Join(tdir, "t.md")))
+	assert.Error(t, brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.md"))
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got))
+
+	// The same with a link to a file elsewhere in the brain, which os.Root
+	// would follow.
+	inVictim := filepath.Join(brain0, "raw", "v.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(inVictim), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(inVictim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "raw", "v.md"), filepath.Join(tdir, "u.md")))
+	assert.Error(t, brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", "wiki/b/facts/u.md"))
+	got, err = os.ReadFile(inVictim)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got))
+	got, err = os.ReadFile(src)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x\n", string(got), "the source is not touched when the target is refused")
+}
+
+// The target is swapped between a regular note and a symlink to an in-brain
+// file outside wiki/ while WriteTunnel runs: the read and the write each
+// refuse a symlink, so the other file is never rewritten.
+func TestWriteTunnelNeverRewritesASymlinkSwappedInForTheTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	brain0 := t.TempDir()
+	src := filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "a", "facts", "s.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(src), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("x\n"), 0o644))
+	tdir := filepath.Join(brain0, "wiki", "b", "facts")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(tdir, 0o755))
+	victim := filepath.Join(brain0, "raw", "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(victim), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	tgt := filepath.Join(tdir, "t.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(tgt, []byte("t\n"), 0o644))
+
+	var stop atomic.Bool
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		tmp := tgt + ".swap"
+		for i := 0; !stop.Load(); i++ {
+			_ = os.Remove(tmp)
+			if i%2 == 0 {
+				_ = os.WriteFile(tmp, []byte("t\n"), 0o644)
+			} else {
+				_ = os.Symlink(filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "raw", "victim.md"), tmp)
+			}
+			_ = os.Rename(tmp, tgt)
+		}
+	}()
+	ok := 0
+	for deadline := time.Now().Add(1500 * time.Millisecond); time.Now().Before(deadline); {
+		if brain.WriteTunnel(brain0, "wiki/a/facts/s.md", "wiki/b/facts/t.md") == nil {
+			ok++
+		}
+		_ = os.WriteFile(src, []byte("x\n"), 0o644)
+	}
+	stop.Store(true)
+	wg.Wait()
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got), "the swapped-in symlink's target was rewritten")
+	assert.Positive(t, ok, "positive control: some tunnels were written to the regular target")
+}
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs.go b/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs.go
index 4feca7c..7496a74 100644
--- a/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs.go
+++ b/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs.go
@@ -249,3 +249,41 @@ func (b *Brain) WalkRegular(relDir string, fn func(rel string) error, onErr func
 		return fn(p)
 	})
 }
+
+// WriteRegular replaces the contents of an existing regular file at a
+// brain-relative path. It never creates a file and never writes through a
+// final symlink: os.Root.OpenFile follows an in-root final symlink even with
+// O_NOFOLLOW (verified on go1.27), so the path is Lstat-ed through the root
+// first and the opened handle must be that same file (os.SameFile), which
+// also catches a swap between the two. O_NONBLOCK keeps a FIFO from blocking
+// the open. Intermediate in-brain symlinks are still followed (os.Root keeps
+// the write inside the brain; hyperguild#167).
+func (b *Brain) WriteRegular(rel string, data []byte) error {
+	rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+	lfi, err := b.root.Lstat(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !lfi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", rel, ErrNotRegular)
+	}
+	f, err := b.root.OpenFile(rel, os.O_WRONLY|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
+	fi, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !fi.Mode().IsRegular() || !os.SameFile(lfi, fi) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s: changed while opening: %w", rel, ErrNotRegular)
+	}
+	if err := f.Truncate(0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := f.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return f.Close()
+}
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs_test.go b/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs_test.go
index 76ea7d1..d964f25 100644
--- a/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs_test.go
+++ b/ingestion/internal/brainfs/brainfs_test.go
@@ -263,6 +263,52 @@ func TestReadRegularNeverReturnsAnInBrainFileSwappedInBehindASymlink(t *testing.
 	assert.Positive(t, ok, "positive control: the regular file is read")
 }
 
+func TestWriteRegularRefusesFinalSymlinksFIFOsEscapesAndMissingFilesAndRewritesRegularFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	outside := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "o.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(outside, []byte("untouched"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(outside, filepath.Join(dir, "l.md")))
+	require.NoError(t, syscall.Mkfifo(filepath.Join(dir, "f.md"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "n.md"), []byte("old content"), 0o644))
+	b, err := Open(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = b.Close() }()
+
+	assert.Error(t, b.WriteRegular("l.md", []byte("x")))
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(outside)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched", string(got))
+
+	// A symlink to another file inside the brain: os.Root would allow it,
+	// only O_NOFOLLOW refuses it.
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "in.md"), []byte("inside"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("in.md", filepath.Join(dir, "il.md")))
+	assert.Error(t, b.WriteRegular("il.md", []byte("x")))
+	got, _ = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "in.md"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "inside", string(got))
+
+	// A reader held open, so a non-blocking write open would succeed. The
+	// Lstat type check refuses the FIFO first; the handle check and
+	// O_NONBLOCK matter only if it is swapped in after the Lstat.
+	r, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(dir, "f.md"), os.O_RDONLY|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = r.Close() }()
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- b.WriteRegular("f.md", []byte("x")) }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("WriteRegular hung on a FIFO")
+	}
+
+	assert.Error(t, b.WriteRegular("../"+filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(outside))+"/o.md", []byte("x")))
+	assert.Error(t, b.WriteRegular("missing.md", []byte("x")), "does not create files")
+
+	require.NoError(t, b.WriteRegular("n.md", []byte("new")))
+	got, _ = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "n.md"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "new", string(got), "truncated and rewritten")
+}
+
 func TestReadDirDirsListsOnlyRealSubdirsAndRefusesSymlinkedComponents(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "a", "real"), 0o755))
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/session/id_test.go b/ingestion/internal/session/id_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe06f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ingestion/internal/session/id_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package session
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// session_log passed the caller's session_id straight into
+// filepath.Join(sessionsDir, id+".jsonl") and opened it O_CREATE|O_APPEND:
+// path segments in the id created or appended files anywhere the pod could
+// write. The id is now a plain name, and the open does not follow a final
+// symlink.
+func TestAppendRefusesSessionIDsThatAreNotPlainNames(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	dir := filepath.Join(root, "sessions")
+	for _, id := range []string{"../x", "a/b", "/abs", ".", "..", ".hidden", "", "a\\b", "a\x00b"} {
+		assert.Error(t, Append(dir, id, Entry{SessionID: id}), "%q", id)
+	}
+	ents, _ := os.ReadDir(root)
+	for _, e := range ents {
+		assert.Equal(t, "sessions", e.Name(), "nothing created beside the sessions dir")
+	}
+	for _, id := range []string{"1557b2e1-bf0d-5c4f-bbe3-0754d087e356", "_routing", "2026-05-05-infra.plan", "0"} {
+		require.NoError(t, Append(dir, id, Entry{SessionID: id}), "positive control: %q", id)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendDoesNotWriteThroughASymlinkedLog(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	dir := filepath.Join(root, "sessions")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
+	victim := filepath.Join(root, "victim.md")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(victim, []byte("untouched\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(filepath.Join("..", "victim.md"), filepath.Join(dir, "s.jsonl")))
+	assert.Error(t, Append(dir, "s", Entry{SessionID: "s"}))
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(victim)
+	assert.Equal(t, "untouched\n", string(got))
+}
+
+func TestReadRefusesSessionIDsThatAreNotPlainNames(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "x.jsonl"), []byte(`{"session_id":"x"}`+"\n"), 0o644))
+	_, err := Read(filepath.Join(root, "sessions"), "../x")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// A name that starts plainly and then climbs out with ".." is exactly what the
+// ban on "/" in the id's tail stops: filepath.Join cleans "a/../../x" to a
+// path beside the sessions dir without needing sessions/a to exist. The
+// assertion is on the refusal itself (ErrInvalidID), not on any error.
+func TestAppendRefusesAnIDThatClimbsOutAfterAPlainPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	dir := filepath.Join(root, "sessions")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
+	for _, id := range []string{"a/../../escape", "a/../../../escape", "a/../b"} {
+		err := Append(dir, id, Entry{SessionID: id})
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidID, "%q", id)
+	}
+	_, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(root, "escape.jsonl"))
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist), "nothing created beside the sessions dir")
+	_, err = os.Lstat(filepath.Join(dir, "b.jsonl"))
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist), "no in-dir alias created either")
+}
+
+// Append does no Lstat type check, so O_NONBLOCK is the only thing that keeps
+// a FIFO named <id>.jsonl with no reader from blocking session_log forever.
+func TestAppendReturnsPromptlyOnAFIFOLogWithNoReader(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "sessions")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
+	fifo := filepath.Join(dir, "s.jsonl")
+	require.NoError(t, syscall.Mkfifo(fifo, 0o644))
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- Append(dir, "s", Entry{SessionID: "s"}) }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.Error(t, err, "a FIFO with no reader is refused, not written")
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		// Unblock the stuck open so the goroutine and TempDir cleanup finish.
+		if r, err := os.OpenFile(fifo, os.O_RDONLY|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0); err == nil {
+			defer r.Close() //nolint:errcheck
+		}
+		<-done
+		t.Fatal("Append blocked on a FIFO log with no reader")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ingestion/internal/session/session.go b/ingestion/internal/session/session.go
index d9a7ce5..878d425 100644
--- a/ingestion/internal/session/session.go
+++ b/ingestion/internal/session/session.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -42,13 +44,32 @@ type Attempt struct {
 	RunnerOutput  string `json:"runner_output,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// idPattern is a plain file name: session_log takes the id from the caller,
+// and a path segment in it created or appended files anywhere the pod could
+// write (hyperguild#169).
+var idPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9._-]{0,127}$`)
+
+// ErrInvalidID is returned when a session id is not a plain file name.
+var ErrInvalidID = errors.New("session id is not a plain name")
+
+func checkID(sessionID string) error {
+	if !idPattern.MatchString(sessionID) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", ErrInvalidID, sessionID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Append writes entry as a single JSON line to sessionsDir/{sessionID}.jsonl.
+// The open does not follow a final symlink.
 func Append(sessionsDir, sessionID string, entry Entry) error {
+	if err := checkID(sessionID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(sessionsDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create sessions dir: %w", err)
 	}
 	path := filepath.Join(sessionsDir, sessionID+".jsonl")
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0o644)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open session log: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -70,6 +91,9 @@ func Append(sessionsDir, sessionID string, entry Entry) error {
 
 // Read returns all entries for sessionID. Returns empty slice if no log exists.
 func Read(sessionsDir, sessionID string) ([]Entry, error) {
+	if err := checkID(sessionID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	path := filepath.Join(sessionsDir, sessionID+".jsonl")
 	f, err := os.Open(path)
 	if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {