diff --git a/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.down.sql b/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..325b4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ALTER TABLE videos DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS rate_limited_at;
+ALTER TABLE videos DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS transcript_status;
diff --git a/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.up.sql b/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec455a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/store/migrations/007_transcript_status.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-- Migration 007: per-video transcript fetch status, for rate-limit backoff.
+--
+-- transcript_status records the outcome of the last transcript attempt:
+--   NULL          = not yet attempted
+--   'none'        = checked, no usable transcript (permanent — SourceNone)
+--   'fetched'     = transcript resolved and summarized (summary_id not null)
+--   'rate_limited'= the caption endpoint returned 429; retry after a backoff window
+--
+-- rate_limited_at stamps WHEN the 429 was seen, so the runner can skip re-fetching
+-- a still-throttled video until NOW() - rate_limited_at exceeds TAPIR_FETCH_BACKOFF.
+-- It is cleared (set NULL) whenever the status moves off 'rate_limited'.
+--
+-- No RLS policy changes needed: videos already has ENABLE + FORCE ROW LEVEL
+-- SECURITY (migration 003) with the videos_isolation policy. New columns inherit
+-- that protection automatically.
+ALTER TABLE videos ADD COLUMN transcript_status TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE videos ADD COLUMN rate_limited_at TIMESTAMPTZ;